Abstract This commentary examines the institutionalised precarity of environmental migrants in the Yamuna Khadar, where the seasonal cycle of flooding (Baadh) is compounded by the hostile interventions of the state. Drawing on field observations from Chilla Khadar and Geeta Colony, the analysis argues that the residents' crisis is defined by a double-edged governance model. While the state provides minimal resources through legal documents and subsidized rations, it simultaneously acts as an...

This paper explores the convergence of gender, caste, religion and colonial history in influencing the ritual labour associated with a significant regional festival in eastern India namely Chhath puja, through a thorough examination of religious traditions, folk customs, and historical data, how women's devotional rituals have been systematically converted into coerced labour under patriarchal and Brahmanical standards illustrating how fasting, culinary practices, and purity practices emerged a

This paper will delve into the motivations and implications of Akbar's key religious policies. It will explore the purpose and evolution of the Ibadatkhana debates, the significance of the Mahzar as a tool for reconfiguring political and religious authority, and the broader philosophy of Sulh-i-Kul. Through these topics, this paper aims to evaluate whether Akbar’s policies reflected genuine religious tolerance or were driven by political necessity.